Question 1

To establish an effective Software Asset Management (SAM) program that ensures both license compliance and security, which two of the following activities are most essential? (Select Two)

Accepted Answer

Discovering all installed software across the enterprise network., Implementing a single sign-on (SSO) solution for all software applications., Mandating the use of open-source software wherever possible., Negotiating volume licensing agreements with all software vendors., Reconciling software inventory against purchase records and license entitlements.

Question 2

An organization is selecting a cryptographic algorithm for a new data archival system designed to store sensitive corporate records for several decades. Given the long-term nature of the data and the evolving threat landscape, which of the following represents the MOST important consideration in the algorithm selection process?

Accepted Answer

The algorithm's resistance to known quantum computing attacks., The algorithm's key length and its historical resistance to brute-force attacks., The algorithm's ease of implementation using standard cryptographic libraries., The algorithm's current processing speed and performance on existing hardware.

Question 3

Faced with a large vulnerability report for an ICS network, what is the most crucial initial action a security manager must take to plan remediation?

Accepted Answer

Immediately deploy all available vendor patches to the affected systems., Correlate the findings with threat intelligence and assess the business impact of each vulnerability., Isolate the entire ICS network from the corporate network until remediation is complete., Schedule a meeting with the IT operations team to delegate patching tasks based on the report.

Question 4

When establishing handling requirements for printed documents classified as "Top Secret," what is the primary security objective that must guide the creation of these procedures?

Accepted Answer

Preventing unauthorized disclosure that could cause exceptionally grave damage., Ensuring the availability of the documents to authorized personnel., Maintaining the integrity of the information against unauthorized modification., Providing a clear audit trail for document access and duplication.

Question 5

During the initial design phase of a new financial transaction processing system, the architecture team is debating where to focus their initial security efforts. To proactively identify and mitigate fundamental security flaws before any code is written, which threat modeling activity should be prioritized?

Accepted Answer

Performing dynamic analysis on prototype components., Conducting a code review of the core cryptographic libraries., Applying a STRIDE analysis to the proposed data flow diagrams., Developing a detailed incident response playbook.

Question 6

To meet the stringent data remanence requirements for decommissioning hard disk drives (HDDs) that contained Top Secret information, which of the following media sanitization methods is MOST appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Performing a cryptographic erase using the drive's built-in functions., Degaussing the drives followed by physical destruction., Executing a standard operating system format of all partitions., Overwriting the entire drive with a random pattern multiple times.

Question 7

For protecting a high-value R&D facility, which fence type best deters climbing and makes breaching time-consuming?

Accepted Answer

An 8-foot (2.4m) chain-link fence with barbed wire topping., A 10-foot (3m) palisade fence with anti-climb spikes., A 6-foot (1.8m) decorative wrought-iron fence., An 8-foot (2.4m) wooden privacy fence.

Question 8

For an organization with a distributed workforce needing to manage cloud infrastructure, which two security principles should be integrated into the remote access design to minimize the attack surface and potential impact of a compromised administrator account? (Select Two)

Accepted Answer

Using a single, shared root account for emergency access, Granting administrators standing broad-level permissions, Implementing just-in-time (JIT) access with temporary credentials, Enforcing session isolation to prevent cross-session attacks, Provisioning long-lived static credentials for all administrators

Question 9

In the immediate aftermath of a declared disaster, the primary DR team leader cannot be contacted. The DR plan's response procedures should stipulate that the MOST appropriate next step is to:

Accepted Answer

Wait for a predetermined amount of time for the leader to become available., Poll the available team members to elect a temporary leader., Cancel the disaster declaration until the primary leader can be reached., Have the alternate team leader immediately assume command and control.

Question 10

When selecting a new site for a critical data center, a security architect's primary consideration based on Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) principles should be the:

Accepted Answer

site's visibility from public areas and surrounding infrastructure., local zoning laws that permit the construction of tall perimeter fences., availability of high-speed fiber optic connectivity from multiple providers., proximity to major transportation hubs for employee convenience.

Question 11

A DevOps team is responsible for managing a critical application across three distinct environments: development, staging, and production. To strictly enforce the principle of least privilege and minimize the risk of accidental changes in the production environment, which access control strategy should be implemented?

Accepted Answer

Establish separate IAM roles for each environment (e.g., DevOps-Developer-Role, DevOps-Staging-Role, DevOps-Production-Role), each with tightly scoped permissions, requiring team members to explicitly assume the appropriate role before acting in an environment., Create a single IAM group for the entire team and attach a comprehensive policy that uses conditional logic based on resource tags (e.g., `env:prod`) to limit actions., Implement a single IAM role for all environments but enforce Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) for any API calls targeting production resources., Assign each team member a powerful administrative user account and rely on manual approval processes and operational discipline to govern production changes.

Question 12

When presenting backup verification data to an external auditor, what is the most crucial aspect this data must demonstrate to prove compliance and due diligence regarding business continuity?

Accepted Answer

The backup jobs completed within the designated time window., The backed-up data can be successfully restored to a consistent and usable state., The backup process utilizes industry-standard encryption algorithms., The backup media has sufficient capacity for future growth.

Question 13

A financial institution's security team notes a persistent high click-rate on simulated phishing emails, particularly within the finance department, despite mandatory annual training. To achieve a tangible reduction in user susceptibility, what is the MOST appropriate next action?

Accepted Answer

Increase the frequency of the general phishing simulation for the entire organization to bi-weekly., Develop and deliver targeted, role-based training that simulates threats specific to financial operations., Enforce negative consequences for employees who repeatedly fail phishing tests., Implement a stricter email filtering solution to block more suspicious messages before they reach users.

Question 14

A manufacturing firm with a mature on-premises Active Directory (AD) infrastructure is adopting several cloud-based SaaS applications. The CIO wants to ensure a seamless user experience via Single Sign-On (SSO) and maintain AD as the authoritative source for identities. Which solution represents the most effective architectural approach for this hybrid environment?

Accepted Answer

Implementing a reverse proxy to intercept and manage authentication requests for all cloud applications., Establishing a federated trust using a service like Active Directory Federation Services (ADFS) or a cloud equivalent to connect on-premises AD with the SaaS providers., Deploying a separate cloud-native IdP and manually synchronizing user accounts., Migrating all user identities to the cloud IdP and decommissioning the on-premises Active Directory.

Question 15

A security architect is designing a system for high-assurance computing where the integrity of the boot process must be cryptographically verifiable before sensitive applications are launched. Which information system capability is MOST critical for achieving this requirement?

Accepted Answer

Trusted Platform Module (TPM), Hardware Security Module (HSM), Data Execution Prevention (DEP), Full Disk Encryption (FDE)

Question 16

Given contractual limits on direct testing, what initial step is most appropriate for validating an IaaS provider's security posture?

Accepted Answer

Request and review the provider's latest SOC 2 Type II report and other third-party attestations., Deploy a proprietary vulnerability scanner to assess the underlying hypervisor., Mandate that the provider grants full administrative access to its security logs for real-time analysis., Conduct unannounced penetration testing on the provider's control plane.

Question 17

A military contractor is designing a new command and control system where information flow is strictly controlled based on data sensitivity labels and formal user clearances. The system's primary goal is to prevent data at a higher classification level from being accessed by or transferred to a subject with a lower clearance. Which authorization mechanism is BEST suited to meet this requirement?

Accepted Answer

Mandatory Access Control (MAC), Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC), Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), Discretionary Access Control (DAC)

Question 18

To ensure the integrity of financial transactions within a new banking application, an architect has decided to implement the Clark-Wilson model. Which component of this model is specifically responsible for mediating access, ensuring that subjects can only manipulate data items through certified programs?

Accepted Answer

Unconstrained Data Items (UDIs), Integrity Verification Procedures (IVPs), Transformation Procedures (TPs), Constrained Data Items (CDIs)

Question 19

An employee at a large pharmaceutical company is transferring from the Research and Development (R&D) department to the Marketing department. To adhere to the principle of least privilege, what is the MOST appropriate action for the identity management team to take regarding the employee's access rights?

Accepted Answer

Create a new user account for the Marketing role and disable the old R&D account., Add the Marketing role permissions to the employee's existing access profile., Temporarily suspend the user's account pending a full access review by the new manager., Revoke all R&D-specific access rights and provision new access rights based on the employee's new role in Marketing.

Question 20

An organization is considering the acquisition of a Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) customer relationship management (CRM) system to handle sensitive client data. From a security perspective, what is the MOST critical initial step in the due diligence process?

Accepted Answer

Evaluating the vendor's security posture through documentation, certifications, and independent audit reports., Developing a custom security wrapper to isolate the COTS application before deployment., Conducting a black-box penetration test on a trial version of the software., Requesting a full Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) from the vendor to analyze dependencies.

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